• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Turbine for use of bidirectional flow comprising two crowns of blades (1) in solidarity with the same rotor where the blades of each crown are specularly oriented, with the leading edge facing one of the two directions of the flow respectively; an axis (3); an outer duct (4) containing the turbine; and a core or nose (5) that deflects the flow. It is structured in two parallel channels separated by an internal wall (2). In each channel one of the crowns of blades (1) is located, where one of them produces power while the other performs an aerodynamic blockage of the flow. Applicable in those sectors where turbines are designed, manufactured, produced or used, and more specifically to systems or processes where a type of bidirectional flow intervenes from which it is desired to extract energy such as, for example, OWC (Oscilating Water Column). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2729207A1
    申请号:ES201800113
    申请日:2018-04-30
    公开日:2019-10-30
    发明作者:Diaz Manuel Garcia；Garcia Bruno Pereiras
    申请人:Universidad de Oviedo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Turbine for use of bidirectional flow.
    [0003]
    [0004] Technical sector
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention relates to a turbine for use of bidirectional flow comprising two crowns of integral blades and integrated in the same rotor so that one of them produces power while the other performs an aerodynamic blockage of the flow.
    [0007]
    [0008] The invention is applicable in those sectors where turbines are designed, manufactured, produced or used, such as machinery and mechanical equipment or energy and water, and more specifically the invention can be applied to any system or process where a type of bidirectional flow is involved from which it is desired to extract energy, such as renewable energy devices known as OWC (Oscilating Water Column), where, due to the rise and fall of the waves, a bidirectional flow of air.
    [0009]
    [0010] Background of the invention
    [0011]
    [0012] Many studies have found that wave energy or wave energy has great potential, in addition to being a renewable energy source. It is not surprising, therefore, that a great effort is being put into developing and investigating possible technologies that allow us to take advantage of the oscillatory nature of the waves.
    [0013]
    [0014] One of the technologies in which most efforts have been concentrated is the Oscillating Water Column or, as is commonly known, OWC for its acronym in English (Oscilating Water Column). This technology is similar to a natural but artificial jester. It consists of a semi-submerged chamber, in which, due to the incidence of the waves, an oscillatory movement of the air-water interface is created. This movement of the free surface of the water propitiates an oscillatory movement of the air, which can be used in a turbine for the generation of electrical energy.
    [0015]
    [0016] However, the flow through the turbine is bidirectional due to the rise and fall of the free surface of the sea inside the OWC chamber, and this caused a problem since the turbines for use of bidirectional flows had not developed. The development of this type of turbines begins in conjunction with the development of wave energy. The OWC system can be equipped with: 1) a bi-directional turbine (AF Falgao, «Oscillating-water-column wave energy converters and air turbines: A review,» Renewable Energy, vol. 85, pp. 1391-1424, 2016) that produce a constant sense of whatever the direction of the air, 2) a rectifier system that uses valves or other devices to create a unidirectional flow from one bidirectional, and 3) a system of two twin unidirectional turbines also called "twin turbines ”(V. Jayashankar, S. Anand, T. Geetha, S. Santhakumar, V. Jagadeesh Kumar, M. Ravindran, T. Setoguchi, M. Takao, K. Toyota and S. Nagata," A twin unidirectional impulse turbine topology for OWC based wave energy plants, "Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 692-698, 2009).
    [0017]
    [0018] The first known patent of an OWC system is Yoshio Masuda, with number GB 1014196, which is composed of a set of non-return valves, which rectified the flow and made it pass through a unidirectional turbine. However, the use of mobile systems such as non-return valves in marine environments causes numerous maintenance and operational problems (T. Setoguchi and M. Takao, "Current Status of Self-Rectifying Air Turbines for Wave Energy Conversion," Energy Conversion and Management , vol. 47, no. 15 16, pp. 2382-2396, 2006).
    [0019] Currently the most widespread system is bidirectional turbines, which rotate in the same direction regardless of the direction of flow. Within this group there are two main typologies, the Wells turbine, such as the one shown in US Patent No. 4221538 A of A. A. Wells, and the impulse turbines, reflected in the patent of I. A. Babintsev number US 3922739 A.
    [0020]
    [0021] The Wells turbine is an axial turbine that is formed by symmetric aerodynamic profiles with respect to the rope, which makes them have the same characteristics in both directions of the flow and therefore are bidirectional turbines. This type of turbines works by means of the support and drag force on the profiles. At the design point it has very high maximum stationary yields (of more than 70%), but outside that point the performance drops abruptly, causing an impoverishment of the installation performance per wave cycle.
    [0022]
    [0023] On the other hand, impulse turbines can be both axial and radial. They are composed of two crowns of guidelines, one on each side of the rotor, to preserve bidirectionality. Unlike the Wells turbine, these types of turbines work by pure deflection of the flow inside the rotor. Impulse turbines have a lower peak performance than Wells, but maintain acceptable performance outside the design flow.
    [0024]
    [0025] Even so, its maximum stationary performance does not exceed 50%, which is a drag for this technology.
    [0026]
    [0027] As an alternative to the technologies mentioned, the “twin turbines” configuration is created, which consists of two unidirectional turbines, where one of them works in one of the directions of the flow, while the other tries to block the flow. of the low performance of the previous turbines, since the unidirectional turbines can have yields of more than 90% and remain stable in a wide range of operating conditions.As a counterpoint, the biggest problem with this configuration is that it requires duplicating equipment as You can see in the patent EP 2949920 of Iñaki Zabala and Álvaro Amenzaga.
    [0028]
    [0029] There are other machines (Grabiel Vézina, Hugo Fortier-Topping, Frangois Bolduc-Teasdale, David Rancourt, Mathieu Picard, Jean-Sébastien Plante, Martin Brouillette and Luc Fréchette, "Design and Experimental Validation of a Supersonic Concentric Micro Gas Turbine", Journal of Turbomachinery, 2015) that are physically similar to that set forth in this patent, however, it should be emphasized that these are intended for thermal energy conversion and not to take advantage of a renewable energy source such as the sea.Another key distinction is that these others Machines are composed of a compression stage and a turbination stage, unlike the present one, which has both turbination stages.
    [0030]
    [0031] Explanation of the invention.
    [0032]
    [0033] The present invention relates to a turbine for use of bidirectional flow comprising:
    [0034]
    [0035] - Two crowns of solidarity blades and integrated in the same rotor where the blades of each crown are specularly oriented, so that each of them has the leading edge facing one of the two directions of the flow respectively.
    [0036]
    [0037] - A shaft around which the rotor rotates.
    [0038]
    [0039] - An outer duct that contains the turbine.
    [0040] - A nucleus or nose that deflects the flow.
    [0041] The turbine of the invention is structured in two parallel channels separated by an internal wall. In each of these channels one of the crowns of blades is located, so that one of them produces power while the other performs an aerodynamic blockage of the flow thanks to its specular orientation.
    [0042] In a preferred embodiment, the turbine is an axial turbine where the direction of the flows is parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation.
    [0043] In another preferred embodiment, the turbine is a radial turbine where the direction of the flows is oblique or orthogonal to the direction of the axis of rotation.
    [0044] In a more preferred embodiment, the flow through the crown of blades that produces power is centrifugal and through the other crown of blades is centripetal.
    [0045] In another more preferred embodiment, the flow through both blade crowns is centrifugal. In another more preferred embodiment, the flow through both blade crowns is centripetal. In a specific embodiment, it also comprises one or more crowns of guides upstream and / or downstream of the rotor, to improve machine performance.
    [0046] In a preferred embodiment of the turbine, or more specific turbine with one or more guide crowns upstream and / or downstream of the rotor, its blade crowns or guide crowns are movable. In this way it is possible to block the channels alternately and favor the proper functioning of the machine.
    [0047] In another specific embodiment, the core or nose and the outer duct further comprise revolution surfaces that establish inlet and outlet sections of the turbine and direct the flow towards the channel where power is produced. Through this embodiment, a better distribution of flow rates and an increase in available energy is allowed, since more flow is diverted through the channel where power is produced.
    [0048] In another specific embodiment, in each channel there are several crowns of blades, counter-rotating among themselves.
    [0049] The invention provides a clear advantage over the existing "twin turbines" technology: the turbine presented here combines the two twin unidirectional turbines in a single device, with the consequent reduction of necessary auxiliary equipment (generator, mechanical, hydraulic components ... ), resulting in a more compact system.
    [0050] All preferred embodiments employ unidirectional turbines, which allow to achieve efficiencies greater than those of conventional bidirectional turbines, maximizing system performance.
    [0051] In a preferred embodiment, in which the flow through both blade crowns is centrifugal when power is produced, the device has a very strong aerodynamic block in a centripetal direction, since the vortex produced in the inlet duct generates a large amount of turbulence, which leads to a great loss of load in that direction and optimizes the distribution of flows between both channels.
    [0052] In another preferred embodiment, in which the flow through both blade crowns is centripetal when power is produced, the losses of kinetic energy that occur in the Turbine output significantly increases load losses, causing a very strong aerodynamic block that optimizes the distribution of flows between both channels.
    [0053]
    [0054] In another preferred embodiment, in which in each channel there are several crowns of counter-rotating blades, the possibility of varying the speed ratio between the crowns that are in the same channel allows optimizing the performance of each crown for a greater range of flow rates.
    [0055]
    [0056] The invention is applicable in those sectors where turbines are designed, manufactured, produced or used, such as machinery and mechanical equipment or energy and water, and more specifically the invention can be applied to any system or process where a type of bidirectional flow intervenes from which it is desired to extract energy, such as renewable energy devices known as OWC (Oscilating Water Column), where a bi-directional flow of air is generated due to the rise and fall of the waves.
    [0057]
    [0058] Brief description of the drawings
    [0059]
    [0060] Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional scheme of a possible embodiment of the turbine of the invention. In it you can see two crowns of blades (1) that are separated by the inner wall (2), thus defining the two channels through which the flow can pass. The axis of rotation of the machine (3), the outer duct containing the turbine (4) and the nose (5) that deflects the flow are also shown. Finally, some crowns of guidelines (6) are shown, whose objective is to improve the overall efficiency of the turbomachine.
    [0061]
    [0062] Fig. 2 shows a section of the turbine of Fig. 1 in a longitudinal plane. In this figure you can see the same elements as those in Fig. 1.
    [0063]
    [0064] Fig. 3 shows a specific embodiment of a turbine similar to that shown in the previous figures but also comprising revolution surfaces (7). The other elements coincide with those shown in Fig. 1.
    [0065]
    [0066] Fig. 4 shows a specific embodiment of the turbine, in which the flow through it is radial. The elements shown are the same as those in Fig. 1.
    [0067]
    [0068] Fig. 5 shows a sinusoidal flow cycle, where Q is the flow, t is the time and T is the period.
    [0069]
    [0070] Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
    [0071]
    [0072] For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples of preferred embodiment are described, described in detail, which should be understood without limitation of the scope of the invention.
    [0073]
    [0074] EXAMPLE 1
    [0075]
    [0076] The turbine was designed for the extraction of wave energy, which takes advantage of the sinusoidal movement of the waves to generate electrical energy. This is achieved by an oscillating water column chamber or, as it is commonly called, OWC for its acronym in English. This OWC camera is semi-submerged, that is, inside the sea surface. When the waves hit the OWC, inside the chamber this free surface rises or falls with the wave itself, pushing the air above it and moving the turbine that is interposed in the path that the air makes to leave the chamber.
    [0077] The turbine was designed and built based on the axial typology, where the flow enters and exits parallel to the axis (3) of rotation. The turbine comprised two concentrically arranged annular channels, hereinafter referred to as the outer and inner channel. The inner channel was defined by the space from the diameter of the core or nose (5) to the diameter of the inner face of the inner wall (2), while the outer channel was defined by the space comprised from the diameter of the outer face of the inner wall (2) up to the diameter of the outer duct (4). Both channels had the same passage section, and therefore the outer channel was less thick than the inner one.
    [0078]
    [0079] The diameters with which the turbine was built were the following:
    [0080]
    [0081]
    [0082]
    [0083]
    [0084] The turbine was also manufactured with two crowns of blades (1) in solidarity and integrated in the same rotor. The blades of each crown were specularly oriented, so that each of them had the leading edge facing one of the two directions of the flow respectively. The number of blades in each crown of blades (1) of the turbine were the following:
    [0085]
    [0086]
    [0087]
    [0088]
    [0089] Each channel was designed to take advantage of one of the two possible directions of the flow, so that in each channel a crown of blades (1) and a crown of guides (6) were included upstream of the crown of blades (1). This arrangement coincides with that presented in Fig. 1.
    [0090]
    [0091] The design of the input and output geometry of the blades was based on the one-dimensional theory of axial turbomachine blade cascades, taking as reference the average radius of each of the channels. Also, the outline of the blades was constructed so that the section e passed between two consecutive blades was kept as constant as possible.
    [0092]
    [0093] The guidelines (6) were constructed from sheets of constant thickness whose edge furthest from the rotor was arranged parallel to the axis of rotation, while the edge near the rotor was arranged at an angle consistent with that established at the rotor inlet.
    [0094]
    [0095] Both extreme parts of the nucleus or nose (5) were shaped like a spherical cap with a diameter equal to the diameter of the rest of the nucleus or nose (5).
    [0096]
    [0097] The axis (3) was fixed to both crowns of blades (1), which are in solidarity with each other, forming a block that revolved around the axis (3) as the only degree of freedom. The shaft (3) was coupled to the end parts of the core or nose (5) by two bearings, one on each side, isolating the rotation of the shaft (3) and the crowns of blades (1) from the rest of the machine. The shaft (3) extended out of the machine on one side to engage a generator that converts the turn into electrical energy. For its part, the outer duct (4) was fixed to a bench. In addition, one part of the inner wall (2) was connected to the outer duct (4) by means of the crown of guides (6) and the other part of the inner wall (2) joined in the same way to the core or nose (5 ).
    [0098] A wave generates a sinusoidal flow in the OWC chamber, as shown in Fig. 5, which is composed of two opposite parts, which we will call exhalation and inhalation, referring to the flow leaving or entering the OWC chamber. According to Fig. 2, in exhalation the flow would be from left to right of the figure, and therefore power would be produced in the inner channel, while in inhalation it would be from right to left, and power would be produced in the channel Exterior. During the exhalation phase, in the inner channel the flow first crosses the crown of guides (6) that aligns it for an optimal entry into the crown of blades (1). On the other hand, a greater amount of losses is generated in the outer channel because the flow falls misaligned on the blade crown (1) and subsequently on the crown of guides (6). According to this difference in losses, an aerodynamic blockage occurs in the outer channel, which leads to an unequal distribution of the flow between both channels, with a greater percentage of the flow flowing through the internal channel and, therefore, maximizing the energy extracted from the flow.
    [0099]
    [0100] During the inhalation phase the turbine works in reverse, reversing the roles of both channels, that is, that the inner channel aerodynamically blocks the flow and the outer channel produces power.
    [0101]
    [0102] The turbine was tested obtaining its operating curves. With the set of characteristic curves, the average performance in a wave cycle has been obtained with the following equation:
    [0103]
    [0104] fT
    [0105] I ( PD + PR ) * ® dt
    [0106]
    [0107]
    [0108] rT £ A P * Q dt
    [0109]
    [0110] Where n is the average performance per wave cycle, T is the period of the wave, P d and P r are the pairs of the crown of blades (1) that produces power and from which the flow is aerodynamically blocked, respectively, Q it is the speed of rotation of the turbine, dt is the time differential, AP is the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the turbine and Q is the total flow through it.
    [0111]
    [0112] With the data obtained, it was found that the turbine offers an average efficiency per wave cycle greater than 40%, making the turbine of the invention more efficient and with greater extractive capacity compared to other known technologies.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Turbine for use of bidirectional flow comprising:
    - two crowns of blades (1) integral and integrated in the same rotor where the blades of each crown are oriented in a specular way, so that each of them has the leading edge facing one of the two directions of the flow respectively;
    - a shaft (3) around which the rotor rotates;
    - a nucleus or nose (5) that deflects the flow; characterized in that it is structured in two parallel channels separated by an internal wall (2), in each of which one of the crowns of blades (1) is located, where one of them produces power while the other performs an aerodynamic blockage of the flow thanks to its specular orientation.
    [2]
    2. Turbine according to claim 1 characterized in that it is an axial turbine where the direction of the flows is parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation (3).
    [3]
    3. Turbine according to claim 1 characterized in that it is a radial turbine where the direction of the flows is oblique or orthogonal to the direction of the axis of rotation (3).
    [4]
    4. Turbine according to claim 3 characterized in that the flow through the crown of blades (1) that produces power is centrifugal and through the other crown of blades (1) is centripetal.
    [5]
    5. Turbine according to claim 3 characterized in that the flow through both blade crowns (1) is centrifugal.
    [6]
    6. Turbine according to claim 3 characterized in that the flow through both blade crowns (1) is centripetal.
    [7]
    7. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises one or more guide crowns (6) upstream and / or downstream of the rotor.
    [8]
    8. Turbine according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that its blade crowns (1) or guide crowns (6) are displaced.
    [9]
    9. Turbine according to claim 1 characterized in that the core or nose (5) and the outer duct (4) further comprise revolution surfaces (7) that establish inlet and outlet sections of the turbine and direct the flow towards the channel Where power is produced.
    [10]
    10. Turbine according to claim 1 characterized in that in each channel there are several crowns of blades (1) counter-rotating each other.
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20140056691A1|2006-07-26|2014-02-27|Christopher Freeman|Impulse turbine for use in bi-directional flows|
    ES2374764T3|2008-01-16|2012-02-21|Voith Patent Gmbh|AIR TURBINE FOR A MAREMOTRIZ POWER STATION.|
    US20110286832A1|2010-05-24|2011-11-24|Israel Ortiz|Back to back turbine|
    US20120038163A1|2010-08-12|2012-02-16|John Clark Hanna|Wave energy turbine for oscillating water column systems|
    WO2018056853A1|2016-09-22|2018-03-29|Instituto Superior Técnico|Energy conversion system for use in bidirectional flows and its method of operation|ES2827648A1|2019-11-21|2021-05-21|Univ Oviedo|Radial turbine with reverse flow blocking and bi-directional flow extracted power generation system |
    法律状态:
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